在趨化細菌子（如淋巴細菌子、補體等）的吸引下，成纖維細胞能緩慢地向一定方向移動。巨噬細胞（macrop細菌age）是體內(nèi)廣泛存在的具有強大吞噬功能的免疫細胞。在疏松結(jié)締組織內(nèi)的巨噬細胞又稱為組織細胞（細菌istiocyte），常沿纖維散在分布，在炎癥和異物等刺激下活化成游走的巨噬細胞。巨噬細胞形態(tài)多樣，隨功能狀態(tài)而改變，通常有鈍圓形突起，功能活躍者，常伸出較長的偽足而形態(tài)不規(guī)則。胞核較小，卵圓形或腎形，多為偏心位，著色深，核仁不明顯，胞質(zhì)豐富，多呈嗜酸性，含空泡和異物顆粒，電鏡下，細胞表面有許多皺褶、小泡和微絨毛，胞質(zhì)內(nèi)含大量初級溶酶體、次級溶酶體、吞噬體、吞飲小泡和殘余體。細胞膜附近有較多的微絲和微管（圖3－5，3－6）。巨噬細胞是由血液內(nèi)單核細胞穿出血管后分化而成。此時，細胞變大，線粒體及溶酶體增多，粘附和吞噬能力增強。在不同組織器官內(nèi)的巨噬細胞存活時間不同，一般為2個月或更長。巨噬細胞有重要的防御功能，它具有趨化性定向運動、吞噬和清除異物及衰老傷亡的細胞、分泌多種生物活性物質(zhì)以及參與和調(diào)節(jié)人體免疫應(yīng)答等功能。（1）趨化性定向運動：巨噬細胞可沿某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)的濃度梯度進行定向移動，聚集到產(chǎn)生和釋放這些化學(xué)物基本相同，兩者的主要區(qū)別是，致密結(jié)締組織中的纖維成分特別多，而且排列緊密，細胞和基質(zhì)成分很少。除彈性組織外，絕大多數(shù)的致密結(jié)締組織中以粗大的膠原纖維束為主要成分，其中含少量纖維細胞、小血管和淋巴管。按纖維的性質(zhì)和排列方式不同，可將致密結(jié)締組織分為以下幾種類型：1．不規(guī)則致密結(jié)締組織分布于真皮的網(wǎng)狀層、鞏膜、大多數(shù)器官的被膜等處。以膠原纖維為主，粗大的膠原纖維束互相交織成致密的網(wǎng)或層。纖維的走行方向與承受機械力學(xué)作用的方向相適應(yīng)。纖維束間有少量基質(zhì)和成纖維細胞、纖維細胞、小血管及神經(jīng)束等。
In the chemotactic bacteria (such as lymphatic bacteria, complement, etc.) attracted, fibroblasts can slowly move to a certain direction. Macrophage (macrop bacteria age) is a widespread immune phagocyte in the body. In the loose connective tissue macrophages, also known as the tissue cells (bacteria istiocyte), often scattered along the fibers, in inflammation and foreign body stimulated activation of migratory macrophages. Macrophages are diverse in shape and change with functional status, often with blunt, round protrusions and functionally active ones, often with longer pseudopods and irregular shapes. Small nucleus, oval or kidney-shaped, mostly eccentric position, deep color, nucleoli are not obvious, rich in cytoplasm, mostly eosinophilic, containing vacuoles and foreign particles, electron microscopy, the cell surface has many folds , Vesicles and microvilli, the cytoplasm contains a large number of primary lysosomes, secondary lysosomes, phagosomes, swallowing vesicles and residual body. There are more fibroblasts and microtubules near the cell membrane (Figures 3-5, 3-6). Macrophages are differentiated by monocytes exiting the bloodstream. At this point, cells become larger, increased mitochondria and lysosomes, increased adhesion and phagocytosis. Macrophages in different tissues and organs have different survival time, usually 2 months or longer. Macrophages have an important defensive function. They have the functions of chemotaxis-directed movement, phagocytosis and clearance of foreign bodies and senescent cell death, secretion of various bioactive substances, and participation in and regulation of the human immune response. (1) Chemotactic Orienteering: Macrophages can move along the concentration gradient of certain chemical substances. The main difference between them is that they produce and release these chemicals. The main difference between the two is that the fiber components in dense connective tissue Particularly large, and arranged in close, very few cells and matrix composition. In addition to elastic tissue, the vast majority of dense connective tissue with coarse collagen fiber bundles as the main component, which contains a small amount of fibroblasts, small blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. According to the nature of fibers and arranged in different ways, dense connective tissue can be divided into the following types: 1. Irregular dense connective tissue distribution in the reticular layer of the dermis, sclera, most organs of the capsule and so on. The main collagen fibers, coarse collagen fiber bundles interwoven into a dense network or layer. Fibers travel in the direction of mechanical mechanics to adapt to the direction. A small amount of fiber bundles between the matrix and fibroblasts, fibrocytes, small blood vessels and nerve bundles.

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